The systemic ideological division of society into four hierarchical varna groups (Brahmana, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra) makes its earliest text-based debut in which specific section of ancient literature?

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The fourfold varna classification is first mentioned in the Purusha Sukta, a famous hymn in the 10th Mandala (book) of the Rigveda, which was compiled toward the end of the early Vedic phase. It describes the four groups emerging from the mouth, arms, thighs, and feet of the cosmic primeval being (Purusha).

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