What is the primary philosophical focus that distinguishes the Upanishads from the earlier Samhita and Brahmana layers of Vedic literature?

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The Upanishads represent a profound intellectual revolution. While Samhitas focus on invoking nature deities and Brahmanas codify dense physical sacrifice rules, the Upanishads critique blind rituals. They switch the cultural core toward jnana-marga, exploring the deep mystical identity between the individual soul (Atman) and the ultimate cosmic reality (Brahman).

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