Consider the following statements regarding the shifting religious hierarchy from the Early Vedic to the Later Vedic period:
1. The supreme Rigvedic deities Indra and Varuna lost their absolute primary status within the pantheon.
2. Prajapati (the creator), Rudra (the proto-Shiva deity), and Vishnu emerged as the dominant supreme deities of worship.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

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Accepted Answer

Both statements track accurate theological transitions. The pastoral storm-god Indra and moral judge Varuna, who dominated Rigvedic poetry, were decentralized in the Later Vedic phase. Society shifted toward agricultural stabilization and state complex systems, elevating Prajapati as the cosmic architect, Rudra as the god of cattle and forests, and Vishnu as the preserver, laying the direct foundation of Puranic Hinduism.

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