Consider the following statements regarding the shifting nature of kingship from the Early Vedic to the Later Vedic period:
1. In the Early Vedic phase, the chief or Rajan was primarily a leader of a pastoral clan with no permanent territorial kingdom.
2. In the Later Vedic phase, the position of the king became hereditary and was backed by a growing administrative machinery to rule fixed territories.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

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Accepted Answer

Both statements are correct. The transition marks a major political transformation. Early Vedic chiefs led the tribe in cattle raids and were checked by democratic folk assemblies. Later Vedic monarchs consolidated geographical realms or Janapadas, assumed grand titles like Samrat, and established lineage succession, weakening old tribal bodies.

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