With reference to the maritime trade during the Chola period, consider the following statements regarding the merchant guilds:
1. The 'Anjuvannam' guild consisted primarily of foreign traders including West Asian Muslims, Jews, and Syrian Christians active in coastal ports.
2. The 'Manigramam' and 'Aihole-Five Hundred' (Ayyavole) guilds operated internal and long-distance overland and overseas commerce.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

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Accepted Answer

Both statements are correct. Chola maritime dominance was backed by these highly organized autonomous merchant bodies. Anjuvannam was multi-ethnic foreign-dominated, while Ayyavole 500 grew into a transnational trade network.

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