The republican state of the Mallas was organized into two distinct branches. Which pair represents the two capital cities where Gautama Buddha and Vardhamana Mahavira achieved their respective physical passings?

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The Malla republic was an oligarchic state split into two corporate branches. The northern branch ruled from Kushinara (modern Kasia), where Gautama Buddha achieved Mahaparinirvana. The southern branch operated from Pava (modern Padrauna), where the Jaina Tirthankara Mahavira achieved final liberation, making their territory holy for both faiths.

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