In the political philosophies preserved inside early orthodox Brahmanical texts like the Baudhayana and Apastamba Dharmasutras, the republican Gana-Sanghas were heavily criticized or labeled as degenerate zones primarily because they:

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Orthodox Dharmasutras focused heavily on a central hereditary monarch who ruled via the advice of Brahmanas and maintained the varna system through Vedic sacrifices. Gana-Sanghas operated via corporate assemblies where even non-Kshatriyas or mixed groups held power and rejected complex Vedic domestic theology, causing orthodox lawmakers to classify these regions as Mlechchha or impure domains.

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