The fortification of Pataliputra reached advanced technical maturity toward the terminal phase of the Mahajanapadas era. According to architectural fragments and descriptions, what was the principal structural design of its defensive perimeter wall?

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Excavations at locations like Bulandibagh and Kumrahar confirm that the pre-Mauryan and early Mauryan fortification of Pataliputra relied heavily on timber architecture. The city was enclosed by a massive wooden wall or palisade. This defensive structure featured dedicated loopholes for long-distance archers and was lined externally by a wide moat that functioned both as a military water trap and a municipal channel to flush urban sewage.

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