In the economic life of the Mahajanapadas era, the growth of long-distance caravan trade was backed by financial networks. In this context, what was the socio-economic function denoted by the term Kusida?

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The term Kusida denotes usury or money lending. As cash transactions stabilization occurred using punch-marked coins, wealthy merchants and financiers systematically operated credit networks to fund large scale commercial journeys. While early orthodox lawbooks frowned upon interest, the heterodox movements validated it, fueling urban business expansion.

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