During the late phase of the Mahajanapadas period, which coastal settlement emerged as the paramount eastern maritime port gateway, linking the river trade networks of the Ganga basin with overseas destinations like Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia?

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Tamralipti located near the mouth of the Ganga delta in modern West Bengal grew into a supreme international seaport during the second urbanization. Merchant boats loaded with textiles from Kasi or pottery from Magadha moved down the Ganga to Tamralipti, from where long distance sea voyages set sail across the Bay of Bengal, shaping early international trade channels.

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