Consider the following statements regarding the structural political consolidation executed by Mahapadma Nanda of Magadha:
1. Puranic texts celebrate him with the titles Ekarat and Sarvakshatrantaka, indicating his destruction of traditional independent Kshatriya dynasties.
2. He replaced loose kins group alliances with an institutional centralized administrative framework to enforce direct taxation.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

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Both statements are correct. Mahapadma Nanda marks the birth of absolute empire building in India. He broke the old kshatriya oligarchies of Ikshvakus, Panchalas, and Kasis, declaring himself Ekarat or sole sovereign. He moved past old tribal lines, building a massive professional bureaucracy and huge standing forces funded by highly organized taxation networks.

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