Consider the following statements regarding the revenue extraction mechanisms of monarchies during the second urbanization:
1. The Gramabhojaka was appointed or validated by the king to gather the designated portion of agricultural grain directly from the village fields.
2. The king bypassed rural community assemblies, utilizing the village headman as the primary local judicial and enforcement agent.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

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Accepted Answer

Both statements are correct. The fiscal governance of the Mahajanapadas era relied heavily on local integration. The Gramabhojaka was the most powerful person in the village. He did not just gather the crop share or Bhaga for the central treasury, but also maintained local security and punished minor crimes on behalf of the territorial sovereign, bypassing old tribal assemblies.

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