The inclusion of Emergency Provisions in Part XVIII is designed to protect national sovereignty. What unique structural change happens to the Indian federal machine during a National Emergency under Article 352?

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This is an unparalleled layout of the Indian Constitution: during an emergency, the federal system converts into a unitary one without passing a formal amendment under Article 368. The central government gains the power to give directives to states on any matter, and parliament can legislate on state list subjects.

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