Article 21 of the Indian Constitution incorporates the expression "Procedure Established by Law". From which country's constitution was this specific phraseology borrowed?

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The phrase 'Procedure Established by Law' is borrowed directly from the Japanese Constitution. This contrasts with the US setup which follows 'Due Process of Law'. Under the Japanese model, a court evaluates if a law is passed by a valid legislature using proper procedures, though the Indian SC has expanded Article 21 via case laws to match American standards.

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