While the Selvi case restricted involuntary neuroscientific tests, under which of the following conditions can physical/biological evidence be compulsorily taken without violating Article 20(3) and Article 21?

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In Selvi vs. State of Karnataka, the Supreme Court distinguished between testimonial compulsion and physical evidence. Biological evidence, if collected under statutory authority like the Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, is valid because it does not involve forcing a statement out of the suspect consciousness.

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