In the context of the structured proportionality test adopted under Article 21, what does the sub-stage of 'Efficacy or Suitability' strictly require from the State?

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Accepted Answer

Under the Proportionality Test established in Modern Dental College and Puttaswamy cases, the first core stage after legality is 'Suitability'. It strictly mandates that the measure chosen by the state must be rationally connected to the objective. If the restriction does not scientifically or logically help in achieving the goal, it fails at this very sub-stage under Article 21.

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