Which of the following constitutional provisions direct or encourage the state and its citizens to protect animals and avoid practices like animal slaughter?

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Both Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) and Fundamental Duties address the protection of animals. Article 48 of the DPSP directs the State to organize agriculture and animal husbandry on modern scientific lines, and take steps for preserving and improving breeds, and prohibiting the slaughter of cows and calves and other milch and draught cattle. Additionally, Article 51A(g) under Fundamental Duties states that it is the duty of every citizen to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers, and wildlife, and to have compassion for living creatures.

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