With reference to the Virashaiva (Lingayat) movement initiated by Basavanna in the 12th century Karnataka, consider the following statements:
1. The Virashaivas strongly supported the caste system and the theory of rebirth as outlined in the Dharmashastras.
2. They challenged the idea of pollution attributed to certain groups by Brahmanical authorities.
3. They encouraged practices disapproved in the Dharmashastras, such as post-puberty marriage and widow remarriage.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

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Accepted Answer

Statement 1 is incorrect. The Virashaivas completely rejected the caste system and the theory of rebirth. They believed that on death, the devotee unites with Shiva and does not return to this world. Statements 2 and 3 correctly describe their radical social reforms.

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