Consider the following statements regarding the early Bhakti movement in South India (Alvars and Nayanars):
1. They drew upon both Sanskrit and Tamil literary traditions to spread their message.
2. The movement was open to people from all castes, including the 'untouchables', and their compositions were sung in temples.
3. Andal was a prominent Nayanar saint who saw herself as the beloved of Lord Shiva.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

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Accepted Answer

Statement 3 is incorrect. Andal was a prominent Alvar saint (devoted to Lord Vishnu), not a Nayanar (devoted to Shiva). Karaikkal Ammaiyar was a famous Nayanar woman saint. Statements 1 and 2 are correct; the movement assimilated diverse traditions and actively challenged caste rigidities.

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