The Fourth Buddhist Council convened in Kashmir under the patronage of the Kushana emperor Kanishka represents a critical structural milestone primarily because it resulted in:

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The Kashmir Council presided over by Vasumitra marks the official transition of North Indian Buddhism toward classical Sanskritization, a trend that fueled the Mahayana shift. The assembly dedicated itself to resolving deep theological friction among the Sarvastivada subsections, drafting the Mahavibhasha Shastra. According to accounts by Xuanzang, these profound commentaries were engraved onto copper sheets and sealed inside protective stone boxes.

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