The early Jaina school of logic, particularly before the total Sanskritization phase, recognized which three specific pramanas or sources of knowledge for validating reality?

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Jaina epistemology evolved over time. Early logic sources, like the Tattvartha Sutra, identified three primary channels for establishing factual reality: Pratyaksha (direct sensory perception), Anumana (logical inference from observed signs), and Shabda (valid verbal testimony or Agamas). This system allowed Jaina scholars to debate metaphysical claims against rival Vedic schools systematically.

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