According to the systematic classification of Jaina cosmology and ontology, the universe is divided into Jiva (living consciousness) and Ajiva (non-living matter). Which of the following selections captures the five precise categories making up the Ajiva domain?

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Jaina realism outlines a detailed taxonomy of non-living entities. Pudgala represents physical atoms and compound matter. Crucially, Dharma and Adharma do not mean moral sin or virtue here; Dharma is the absolute medium that facilitates motion (like water for swimming fish), and Adharma is the medium that enables rest. Akasha provides the spatial dimension, and Kala acts as the continuous driver of change and duration.

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