Consider the following statements regarding the administration of the Iqta system during the Delhi Sultanate:
1. Balban appointed an official called 'Khwaja' in each Iqta to assess the revenue and check the powers of the Muqti (Iqtadar).
2. 'Fawazil' was the surplus revenue that the Muqti had to remit to the central treasury.
3. The Iqta system was fundamentally a permanent, hereditary land grant from its very inception under Iltutmish.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

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Statement 3 is incorrect. The Iqta system under Iltutmish was explicitly transferable and non-hereditary. It only became hereditary much later under Firoz Shah Tughlaq. Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Balban introduced the Khwaja to ensure the Muqtis were sending the correct Fawazil (surplus) to Delhi.

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