Which of the following features of the Indian political system act as limitations on the sovereignty of the Indian Parliament? 1. Fundamental Rights 2. Judicial Review 3. Written Nature of the Constitution 4. Federalism 5. Fundamental Duties of Citizens

Explanation

Unlike the British Parliament, which is absolutely sovereign, the Indian Parliament's sovereignty is limited by a Written Constitution, the federal scheme of power distribution, Fundamental Rights (which Parliament cannot abridge unlawfully), and Judicial Review (which allows courts to declare parliamentary laws unconstitutional). Fundamental duties are civic responsibilities of citizens and do not restrict Parliament's legislative sovereignty.