Through which of the following instruments does the Parliament of India exercise financial control over the Executive? 1. Presentation and approval of the Annual Financial Statement under Article 112. 2. Reports submitted by the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) of India. 3. Auditing and review conducted by the Public Accounts Committee (PAC).

Explanation

All the statements are correct. Article 112 of the Indian Constitution mandates the presentation of the Annual Financial Statement (Budget), which serves as a key tool for parliamentary control over public finances. Additionally, the reports of the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) of India and the subsequent scrutiny by the Public Accounts Committee (PAC) help the legislature track policy outcomes and detect any misuse of government resources.