Which of the following are recognized as Fundamental Duties under Article 51A of the Indian Constitution? I. To value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture. II. To protect monuments and places of national importance. III. To develop a scientific temper, humanism, and the spirit of inquiry and reform. Select the correct option:

Explanation

Under Article 51A, valuing and preserving the rich heritage of our composite culture (I) and developing a scientific temper, humanism, and the spirit of inquiry and reform (III) are designated as Fundamental Duties. However, protecting monuments and places of national importance (II) is a Directive Principle of State Policy (DPSP) under Article 49 of the Constitution, not a Fundamental Duty.