Which of the following provisions under the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) are classified as Gandhian principles? 1. Organization of village panchayats 2. Promotion of cottage industries in rural areas 3. Securing a uniform civil code for the citizens Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Explanation

Among the Directive Principles of State Policy, the organization of village panchayats (Article 40) and the promotion of cottage industries in rural areas (Article 43) represent Gandhian philosophy and principles. Conversely, securing a Uniform Civil Code (Article 44) is categorized under Liberal-Intellectual principles, as Gandhiji did not specifically advocate for a uniform civil code, focusing instead on decentralization, self-reliance, and local governance.