Which of the following constitutional rights are categorized as non-fundamental rights (or constitutional rights outside Part III) for which a citizen cannot directly approach the Supreme Court under Article 32, but can seek remedy through Article 226 of the High Court or ordinary lawsuits? 1. No tax shall be levied or collected except by authority of law. 2. No person shall be deprived of their property save by authority of law. 3. Freedom of trade, commerce, and intercourse throughout the territory of India. 4. Elections to the House of the People and Legislative Assemblies on the basis of adult suffrage. Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Fundamental Rights — question ID 461
Options
A.
B.
Explanation
In the Indian Constitution, apart from the Fundamental Rights enshrined in Part III, there are other constitutional rights (also known as non-fundamental or legal rights) scattered across other parts. While they are legally enforceable, they are not justifiable in the same manner as Fundamental Rights. A citizen cannot approach the Supreme Court directly under Article 32 for their violation; instead, they can file a writ petition under Article 226 in the High Court or file an ordinary civil lawsuit. Statement 1 refers to Article 265, Statement 2 to Article 300A, Statement 3 to Article 301, and Statement 4 to Article 326. All of these are constitutional rights outside Part III.