Which of the following are included in the term 'Law' under Article 13 of the Constitution? 1. Permanent laws, enacted by Parliament or state legislatures. 2. Temporary laws, such as ordinances issued by the President or state governors. 3. Statutory instruments in the nature of delegated legislation (executive legislation) such as order, bye-law, rule, regulation or notification. 4. Non-legislative sources of law, like custom or usage having the force of law. Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Explanation

Article 13 declares that all laws that are inconsistent with or in derogation of any of the fundamental rights shall be void. According to Article 13, the term 'law' has been given a wide connotation so as to include permanent laws enacted by Parliament or state legislatures, temporary laws like ordinances, statutory instruments in the nature of delegated legislation, and non-legislative sources of law like custom or usage. Therefore, any of these can be challenged in the courts as violating a Fundamental Right and declared void. Thus, statements 1, 2, 3, and 4 are correct.