The Indian Constitution is structurally classified as a synthesis of rigidity and flexibility. Which of the following constitutional provisions can be amended by a simple majority of the Parliament, falling outside the scope of Article 368?

Explanation

Under Article 169, the Parliament can create or abolish Legislative Councils in states by a simple majority if the respective state assembly passes a resolution by a special majority. This type of amendment is explicitly kept outside the rigorous procedural scope of Article 368, highlighting the flexible element of the Constitution.