The ground 'friendly relations with foreign states' was added as a reasonable restriction to Article 19(1)(a) via which of the following mechanisms, and what is its primary constitutional intent?

Explanation

Following early friction regarding freedom of speech and international geopolitics, the First Constitutional Amendment Act of 1951 inserted 'friendly relations with foreign states' along with 'public order' and 'incitement to an offense' into Article 19(2). Its intent is to prevent systematic, malicious campaigns inside India that intentionally aim to ruin sovereign diplomatic ties with friendly foreign nations.